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Capel-y-Ffin, Monmouthshire - On the Black Hills

Difficulty Moderate

Walking time 5 hours 30 minutes

Length 17.4km / 10.8mi

Route developer: Walk Britain

Route checker: Andy Page

Start location Church of St Mary's, Capel-y-ffin
Route Summary Following old drove tracks, this route climbs from the sheltered floor of the valley at Capel-y-ffin to windswept, bleak hilltops. Having reached Offa’s Dyke Path, choose between carrying on via the ridge, or a foray down into the Olchon Valley.
*move mouse over graph to see points on route
Getting there

By Public Transport:  Capel-y-ffin, indeed the entire Vale of Ewyas, lies beyond the reach of southeast Wales’ patchy public transport. You can get to Llanfihangel Crucorney (15.2k/9.5miles southwest) by bus from Abergavenny, but will have to arrange an onward taxi from there. Alternatively, travel to Capel-y-ffin via Hay-on-Wye (13.7km/8.5miles north). Taxis can be arranged through the Hay-on-Wye/Abergavenny Tourist Information Centre's.

By Car: Capel-y-ffin is on the road running between Hay On Wye, over the Gospel Pass, to Llanvihangel on the A465 just north of Abergavenny. It is a slow road so allow plenty of time. There is roadside parking on a wide bridge just south of the church, or a little further south on a wide verge by the road junction. The postcode NP7 7NP will get you close, but will not be exact.

Description

“One of the emotional centres of my life,” is how Bruce Chatwin described the Vale of Ewyas, a remote Shangri-La buried deep in the Black Mountains, the easternmost massif of the Brecon Beacons National Park. The fugitive author of The Songlines, whose novel On the Black Hill was set here, was merely one in a long line of writers, artists, hermits and monks who have sought refuge in this hidden corner of Wales.

Squeezed against the border with England, the head of the valley, in particular, holds an undeniably special atmosphere. Once in the fold of its steep, bracken-covered sides, the rest of the world can seem oddly distant. No mines or quarries mar the sheep pastures and ancient hedgerows spread across its floor. Only the medieval ruins of Llanthony Priory, built on the site of a church founded by St David in the sixth century, suggest the place was ever anything more than it is today: a profoundly beautiful, but largely forgotten sanctuary.

That this is the prettiest of all Welsh valleys few would deny. But to fully appreciate why, you have to follow one of the old pony trails zigzagging up its flanks through the ferns to the round-topped, heather-covered moorland plateaux beyond. Looking down the Vale, the exquisite symmetry of its glaciated sides is fully revealed, along with the drama of the valley’s setting. When clouds swirl about their ridges, as they do most days, and great beams of sunlight sweep across the fields, the Black Mountains embracing Ewyas certainly live up to their name.

[1] Facing the Church of St Mary’s, go through the metal gate to your right and follow the track down to the stream. Cross the footbridge and continue past the Victorian Baptist Chapel on your left, passing through a five-bar gate to reach Blaenau Farm. The footpath runs between the barn and farmhouse, then around the back of the latter, through a second five-bar gate and onwards at a more level gradient up a wide stream bed.

(A) Judging by the age of the yews ranged around its cemetery, the village was probably considered sacred centuries before the Church of St Mary, the older of its pair of chapels, was erected in 1762. Only 8m/25ft long internally, the building can barely accommodate a congregation of twenty – although most people who pause here these days tend to do so for solitary contemplation. “I lift up mine eyes to the hills from whence cometh my salvation,” proclaims the inscription on the window pane behind the altar, its letters barely distinguishable from the backdrop of rain swept ridges and sky.

After crossing a brook, you arrive at a waypost with a yellow arrow: follow this to the left of the hedgerow ahead, then contouring across a field to a stone stile and along the left edge of another field to arrive at a wooden stile where the path drops steeply into a stream gulley. Beyond it, a wider track funnels you towards Ty’r-onen farm, then via tarmac to the Vision farmstead.

[2] Just before you reach the Vision’s driveway, find a path on the left immediately after a metal gate (marked “To the hill/ Offa’s Dyke”). Go up the wooden steps to a stile; follow the path a short distance uphill until you see a waypost pointing right through a gap in the hedge. Having skirted along the bottom edge of the field beyond, the trail then swings left to begin a steep climb through the woods.

(B) The film adaptation of Bruce Chatwin's novel, On the Black Hill, was set in the Vale of Ewyas. The opening sequence of the movie roves at bird’s-eye level over the mountains rising immediately behind the Vision’s barns, where Offa’s Dyke Path snakes along the England–Wales border. Flagstones airlifted into place by helicopter to prevent erosion of the fragile peat hags nowadays pave this popular long-distance route, which follows the 172-mile line of earthworks erected by the Saxon King of Mercia in the Dark Ages to mark the extent of his territory – a kind of low-budget “Great Wall”.

Turn right when you reach the stile and open moorland at the top, then keep to the clear path as it zigzags uphill through the bracken via series of four sharp switchbacks.

A pair of stone markers stand at the final hairpin turn, from where our path arcs across the steep hillside above the Nant Vision stream gulley. Be sure not to be tempted left, up what at one point looks like the main path but isn’t; keep instead on a steady, straight traverse above the gulley. After crossing the stream this eventually brings you out on the paved Offa’s Dyke Path at its intersection with the Olchon Valley track.

[3] There is a choice of routes at this stage -

If you wish to walk the shorter, less strenuous route straight to Hay Bluff, turn left on to Offa’s Dyke Path, and keep to the flagstones all the way, bearing left at the only junction passed (at SO251361), which is marked with a National Trust waystone. Rejoin the main route slightly before [4]

The more challenging route to Olchon Valley only adds 4km/2.5miles to the standard route, but it can feel like a lot more because of the additional 580m of ascent and descent. Even so, it’s well worth the effort.  The start of an old drove track descending from Offa’s Dyke ridge into the Olchon Valley is marked by a small cairn and inscribed waystone. If you can’t see these at the point you join the flagstones of Offa’s Dyke Path, then you’ve probably been drawn up one of the pony trails that drift left above Nant Vision, emerging too far North-west – in which case, turn right onto Offa’s Dyke and walk a short way downhill until the trail levels off, where you should easily spot the stone marker and cairns.

(C) A forgotten enclave of derelict pink-stone farmsteads and ancient fields, the Olchon is worked by shepherds who pasture their flocks on the eponymous Black Hill of Chatwin’s novel – a 640-metre razorback ridge which locals insist resembles a recumbent cat. If you’re lucky, you’ll get to see them gathering up the sheep on horseback – one of the great spectacles of the Welsh borders.

From the crosspaths at SO2703109, the drove track falls NE down the flank of the valley, bending sharply right after 10 mins. Ignore the path running straight on at the bend, and continue instead down the main track as far as a waypost (at SO273325), 3 or 4 mins further on. This flags the path going down left to the valley floor, which you’ll reach after crossing two metal gates. Once at the lane, turn left and follow the tarmac North-west. After half a mile, the road bends sharply right to cross the river. Just beyond the bridge, head left along the drove track signposted “Public Bridleway”.

This well-worn track will take you out on to open moorland and all the way up the head of the valley – one of the finest miles of footpath in the Welsh Mountains. A small cairn marks the spot where another path arrives from the right (from the Black Hill). From here, the trail curves gently below the ridge.  The end of the alternative route along Offa’s Dyke Path meets this route at SO251361.

[4] A long, straight stretch of paving stones takes you to the trigpoint at the top of Hay Bluff (677m/2221ft). (Do not take the Offa's Dyke path, which forks right, as indicated by a stone waymarker.)

(D) Hay Bluff, highpoint of the magnificent scarp shelving into the greener pastures of mid Wales, brings Offa’s Dyke ridge to an abrupt, and spectacular, end. A superb view ranging from the Cotswolds, Malverns and Shropshire Hills to distant Cadair Idris extends from the trigpoint, from where, on an exceptionally clear day, you can even pick out the top of Snowdon, 129km/ 80miles to the north. Even in the depths of winter, the skies here tend to be filled with parascenders and gliders taking advantage of the famous updrafts. Windblown Gospel Pass , below the Bluff, marks the low point in the Black Mountain scarp. Populated by wild ponies and scraggy sheep, the col is thought to have taken its name from a meeting that was convened here in 1188 by the Archbishop of Canterbury, who’d come to assert his authority over the Welsh church and drum up support for the Third Crusade. Accompanying him was the chronicler Geraldus Cambrensis, a writer whose account of the journey survives in his book, Itinerarium Cambriae (“Itinerary of Wales”). “About an arrow-shot broad, encircled on all sides by lofty mountains,” was his description of the Vale of Ewyas, now revealed in all its glory below the pass. 

Turn left here and follow the boggy path running along the level top of the scarp edge, which drops more steeply as it descends Ffynnon y Parc to reach the Gospel Pass. Cross the road and pick up the heavily eroded path continuing uphill from the col. This becomes better surfaced as it joins a path coming up from the left, and drifts right along the rim of the scarp to arrive at Lord Hereford’s Knob (or Twmpa) – another superb viewpoint overlooking the Wye.

[5] The onward route South-east from Twmpa along the top of the moorland ridge is level and simple to follow. Turn left from the trigpoint, and follow the obvious trail South-east via a succession of cairns to a slight summit at SO238339, from where you begin the day’s last descent, down a spur known as Darren Lwyd. Keep left for the best views over the valley.

[6] The finest panorama of the route is from the spot where Darren Lwyd steepens dramatically above Capel-y-ffin, marked by an unusual rectangular cairn. From here, the path falls very steeply downhill, veering left, then sharply right to avoid the sheerest section of the slope.

When you intersect another path towards the bottom, head straight across it until you reach a fence and large alder tree, where you turn left onto a track following a stream bed downhill over a stile and through a stand of trees. This brings you out at a gate leading to a pair of stone cottages; continue along the path between them, and cross the stile ahead into a field. In the bottom left corner of the field you will find a stile opening onto the lane where a right turn takes you back to Capel-y-ffin.

POI information

Welsh place names tend to delight in the self-evident, and Capel-y-ffin – “Chapel at the End” – is no exception. Dotted around the confluence of the Nant Bwlch and Afon Honddu streams, the hamlet stands as at the head of the Vale of Ewyas, walled in by steep, glaciated hillsides. Beyond it, the patchwork of pasture carpeting the valley floor forks into a perfect wishbone, rising rapidly to meet the great escarpment of the Black Mountains.

(A) In Victorian times, the church’s distinctive wooden belfry reminded diarist Francis Kilvert of “an owl”. Kilvert, a penniless young clergyman from Hay-on-Wye, had travelled here to visit a monastery newly established just up the lane. “Llanthony Tertia” was the brainchild of missionary-preacher Joseph Leycester Lyne (1837– 1908), aka “Father Ignatius.”

Lyne’s project was part of a lifelong, but ultimately doomed, attempt to reintroduce monasticism to the Anglican Church. For a couple of decades, despite opposition from the clergy and a chronic lack of funds, it flourished. A following of black-robed, Benedictine-style monks grew up, and pilgrims poured in from across the world.

The regime, however, was tough even by Benedictine standards. Comforts in this dank corner of the Welsh mountains were in short supply. And daily ritual life was harsh to the point of perversity: it is said the brothers and novices even used to take turns to be led by halter through the cloister, begging for bread while the rest of the community spat on them.

Such privations seemed to be sustainable only as long as Lyne himself was there to provide the drive, and when he died in 1908, the Order soon floundered. Thereafter, the decaying house and adjacent chapel were acquired by the Catholic sculptor and typeface designer Eric Gill and his family, who founded a kind of Utopian colony where residents could, “bathe naked, all together in the mountain pools . . . and smell the smell of a world untouched by men of business”.

(B) A lone statue of a Madonna next to the lane leading to the old monastery at Capel-y-ffin marks the spot where, in 1880, local choir boys witnessed visions of a woman in flowing robes, surrounded by a halo of bright light. As the monastery established by Father Ignatius was Anglican, these divine apparitions – which were widely interpreted as being of the Virgin Mary – did not make Capel-y-ffin a Welsh Lourdes, though they are commemorated each year by a small pilgrimage. Like their predecessors, the Gills found the remoteness that attracted them to Capel-y-ffin in the first place hard to sustain. After only four years, the family fled to a retreat closer to London in the Chilterns, leaving Father Ignatius’ church to decay.

The conflicting needs for isolation and community are framing themes of Bruce Chatwin’s 1982 novel, On the Black Hill, which is set in the Vale of Ewyas. Adapted for the big screen by director Andrew Grieve in 1987, the book centres on the twin brothers, Lewis and Benjamin Jones, whose lives were led almost entirely within the confines of a hill farm called “the Vision”. Chatwin based his portrait on a farm of the same name, which still stands on the fringes of Capel-y-ffin. He was a regular visitor to the Vale since the age of fifteen, and towards the end of his life often came here to write.

(C) Cambrensis reserved his highest praise for Llanthony Priory, midway down the Vale, hidden in a fold of the valley below Capel-y-ffin. One of the finest Norman-Gothic buildings of its era, it was originally founded by William de Laci, a knight who’d renounced violence and taken holy vows here in 1118, close to the spot where St David dedicated a small chapel to St John the Baptist centuries earlier.

 Having been badly damaged in Owain Glyndwr’s rebellion in the early 1400s, when the Welsh mounted an insurrection against their English overlords, the building sustained further abuse during the Reformation. By the eighteenth century, seekers of the “picturesque” were travelling here to admire what had become a charismatic ruin, among them the poet Walter Savage Landor. A contemporary of Wordsworth, Landor owned the Priory and its estate for a time. JMW Turner was one of his more illustrious visitors, producing in the course of his sojourn what John Ruskin later described as, “the most perfect painting of running water in existence.” The famous watercolour of the priory now resides in a museum in Indianapolis, USA.

Though all but a few fragments of its tracery windows have collapsed, Llanthony survives largely as it did at the time of Turner’s visit, its crumbling arches and walls seeming to rejoice at the proximity of the mountains. For Cambrensis, and those who have followed in his footsteps over 800 years, it remains a place, “truly fitting for contemplation... a happy and delightful spot.”

Notes

When: Early spring, for the new lambs and larks.

Downsides: Traffic on the narrow road through the vale on summer weekends; no public transport.

Maps: OS Explorer OL13.

Visitor Information: Abergavenny TIC, Swan Meadow, Monmouth Road, Abergavenny (01873 857588).

Hay-on-Wye TIB, Oxford Road (01497 820144).

Eating and Drinking: Several places serve food in Llanthony.

Sleeping: Accommodation available in Capel-y-Ffin.

Acknowledgements

The route originally appeared as route number 43 in Walk Britain - Great Views in 2009.

  • Capel-y-ffin
    Capel-y-ffin
    By - Guy Edwardes
  • Joseph Lyne
    Joseph Lyne's former monastery and church of Llanthony Tertia, Capel-y-ffin.
    By - Guy Edwardes
  • Welsh mountain ponies grazing wild in the Vale of Ewyas.
    Welsh mountain ponies grazing wild in the Vale of Ewyas.
    By - Guy Edwardes
  • Llanthony Priory, built on the site of a church founded by St. David in the sixth century.
    Llanthony Priory, built on the site of a church founded by St. David in the sixth century.
    By - Guy Edwardes
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